Akasaka Hospital 赤坂病院 was also known with various names in English.
I noted that not always the place name Akasaka 赤坂 were used. Let's see.
The earliest mention of the hospital was in Clara's diary, on Tuesday, November 20, 1883.
...Willis has also started a free dispensary which is gradually to be worked around, until we can found a cottage memorial hospital in dear Mama's name. [Clara1981: pp.324-25]“Cottage hospital”means a small rural hospital (The Free Dictionary). It was used as a common noun, not as the hospital name.
Note: It has been said that Akasaka Hospital founded in 1883. For example, the 1926 edition of CYBJ (基督教年鑑), tells that it was May 1883 （創立 明治十六年五月）. However, the above diary shows that Willis did not find a hospital on November of the year. It seems that “May 1883” was the time Willis started a free dispensary.
The Tokio Cottage Hospital
The August 1888 issue of the Medical Missionary Record, a monthly journal published in New York then, run an article of the Tokio Cottage Hospital, written by M. C. W. , i. e. Mary Caroline Whitney.
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015076720138;view=1up;seq=130
p.140.
The Tokio Cottage Hospital was founded in memory, of Anna L. Whitney, of New Jersey， who died at Tokio on April 17, 1883, whose sincere love for the Japanese led her in 1872 to devote the remainder of her life to the service of Christ in Japan. The building was commenced in November, 1886. As soon as the roof was on and the floors laid down, the patients began to come... (The rest is omitted.)Note: The hospital building was built on November 1886. Because of this, some people regards the foundation year of the hospital was 1886.
The Cottage Hospital
The Encyclopaedia of Missions, Vol.2, published in 1891 mentioned the Cottage Hospital, founded in memory of Mrs A. L. Whitney. Some sentences are in common with the above article.
Rev. Edwin Munsell Bliss ed., The Encyclopaedia of Missions, Vol. 2.
New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1891.
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101068101037;view=1up;seq=73
p.55.
JAPAN.Tokyo.－The Cottage Hospital, founded in memory of Anna L. Whitney, who died in Tokyo April 17th, 1883, was commenced November, 1886. and as soon as the roof was on and floors laid, began to receive and treat the thronging patients. The beds are English made, with spring mattresses. The institution has consulting and medicine rooms. There are several native training-schools for nurses, and many asylums for the blind and afflicted. Japan is not far behind some of the more backward States of America. The sanitary condition of the people is more satisfactory than in any other city of the orient. At the two dispensaries in Tokyo under the charge of Dr. Harrell (1887) 11,903 calls have been made － an increase of 2,500 over the year before; 61 in patients were treated in temporary quarters.
Memorial Hospital
1901: it was called Tokio Memorial Hospital at Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Twelfth Month 14, 1901, p.796)
1919: Whitney Memorial Hospital at the obituary of Dr Thomas McCloy (Japan Christian Year Book 1919, p.269 )
Tokyo Memorial Cottage Hospital
Tokyo Memorial Cottage Hospital, the longest name of the hospital appeared on the 1902 edition of the Directory, and a historical dictionary of Japanese Christianity published in 1988 used .
1889: Akasaka Ophthalmic Hospital
This is the earliest entry at a directory I've ever found.
They started as a hospital specializing in ophthalmic medicine. Willis was the interpreter of the US Legation at the time.
1902: Akasaka Ophthalmic and General Hospital
Willis is the director. General has been added.
1901: it was called Tokio Memorial Hospital at Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Twelfth Month 14, 1901, p.796)
1919: Whitney Memorial Hospital at the obituary of Dr Thomas McCloy (Japan Christian Year Book 1919, p.269 )
Tokyo Memorial Cottage Hospital
Tokyo Memorial Cottage Hospital, the longest name of the hospital appeared on the 1902 edition of the Directory, and a historical dictionary of Japanese Christianity published in 1988 used .
Directory 1902, on the pages of Medical Mission
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b581038;view=1up;seq=604
あかさかびょういん 赤坂病院 1883(明治16)年1月17日東京で没したホイットニー，A.L.(Whitney，Anna L.)に寄せられた日英米国人の寄付を基に，息子のホイットニー，W.N.が，東京市赤坂区氷川町(現・港区赤坂)に土地を購入，86年小規模の施療病院 Tokyo Memorial Cottage Hospital を開設，貧窮患者の無料診療も行った。88年1月日本人同労者の協力を得て，キリスト教精神による慈善病院として眼科・普通科の赤坂病院を開院。〔以下略〕
『日本キリスト教歴史大事典』教文館・1988 / p.26.
On Directory
Akasaka Ophthalmic Hospital1889: Akasaka Ophthalmic Hospital
This is the earliest entry at a directory I've ever found.
They started as a hospital specializing in ophthalmic medicine. Willis was the interpreter of the US Legation at the time.
Willis is the director. General has been added.
1908: Akasaka Eye and General Hospital
The name has became more simple.
Akasaka Hospital
1917: Akasaka Hospital
No more Willis. William Russell Watson is the director.
1920: Akasaka Hospital
No doctor's name is mentioned.
1922: Akasaka Hospital
George Braithwaite, Willis' brother-in-law is an honorable treasurer. The Directory said that there were two of hospital for foreigners in Tokyo, Akasaka and St. Luke's.
In Japanese
赤坂病院・赤阪病院
Then, how about Japanese name of the hospital?
It seems that they were always called Akasaka Hospital 赤坂病院 in Japanese. The following image is from an ad at a newspaper, dated 15 December 1892. It reads:
電話九六九番 内外國醫學士出張
診察自前八時至十一時 日曜休 赤坂區氷川町 赤坂病院
[ Telephone 969 / Doctors holding degrees of in and outside Japan make house calls / hours eight to eleven except Sunday / Akasaka Hikawa-cho Akasaka Hospital ]
出典：明治25年12月15日付東京朝日新聞朝刊6頁
Nothing mentioned about what kind of examination they offered, though, they made house calls. Tne next image is from a medical guidebook of Tokyo, Tōto no Kyōrin, publised in 1902.
田中義一 編『東都の杏林』医海時報社 1902 / pp.26
http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/778437/32
赤坂區
●赤阪病院 氷川町十七番地 新橋九六九
院長ドクトル ホイトニー氏、内外科。
●赤阪病院 氷川町十七番地 新橋九六九
院長ドクトル ホイトニー氏、内外科。
[ Akasaka ward / Akasaka Hospital / 17 Hikawa-cho Akasaka / Shimbashi 969 / Director Dr. Whitney / medicine and surgery ]
The hospital name described 「赤阪」 not 「赤坂」 (阪 and 坂 have the same pronounciation). Is this a misprint? I'm not sure. 「内外科」 meas “medicine and surgery”, there is no mention of ophthalmology. I think this guidebook is not very trustworthy.
The last image I am mentioning is from a telephone directory of Tokyo published in 1926.
出典：東京電話番号簿（大正15年5月1日現在） 「あ」の項目のPDF
It reads 「赤坂病院 青山36-5406 赤、氷川、五」. Pay attention to the address is 5 Hikawa-cho, not 17 Hikawa-cho. 5 Hikawa-cho, just around the corner of no. 17, was where George Braithwaite lived then.
Images are cut out and processed by the editor.
Thanks for the those prepared the original data on the net.
Last updated 25 Jan. 2015
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